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KASHMIR CENTRIC FOOD SECURITY VISION
KASHMIR CENTRIC FOOD SECURITY VISION
1, THE CROPPING SCENARIO
By prof DR GHULAM MOHYUDDIN WANI
This series of our articles shall be Jammu and Kashmir agricultural development centric. It may have repetition in some or the other of our articles in this and other websites.It is designed for the Jammu and kashmir state but may have relevence for the whole world too,espacilly similar ecosystems.
INTRODUCTION
- Higher productivity gains can be achieved through application of technology and production recommendations at farmer’s field. We have 65% small and marginal farmers whose awareness potential is low. The production system prevailing with these farmers is a mixed farming or composite farming. In contrast to USA and European agriculture our necessity is to increase “Crop opportunities” RATHER than COMODITY production gains.
MIXED FARMING MODULES ARE OUR NEED
A mixed Agriculture University and Education set ups is our necessity. We are at present going astray to our need. Quick and fast measures are needed to unify our educational system, involving all agriculture and allied disciplines, industries, corporate sectors and farmers’ institutions.
GREEN REVOLUTION DAYS
It is worth mentioning that Indian Agricultural pride years of green revolution post 1968 saw reduction in food gain imports and subsequently white, blue and other revolutions sustained our population pressures and agriculture growth. Our agricultural growth rate needs to be equal if not more to population growth rate (PGR). Our AGR target ought to be double the PGR. This is important as consumption rates, purchasing power and employment /income prospects increase.
FOOD GRAIN SECURITY
An estimated food grain of 210 million tons at present may need to be doubled in next 10 years. We have to achieve higher targets of productivity by vertical expansion as horizontal land expansion is not possible. our target of 4 t/h of rice or wheat shall make Jammu and kashmir self sufficient ,a food security base shall need 5t/h.On an average we have 2-3 t/h rice and marginally less wheat production in the state. Combining vegetables ,fruits and other pulses we may be comparatively better off in the future. The per capita food grain consumption is marginally more than rest of the Indian state because of severe cold and more calorie are needed.
EXPERIEMENTAL YIELDS
Under our experimental stages and even under experimental trails of miniskirts our overall productivity in rice ranges between 5-6t/h, wheat 3-4 t/h, maize 3-5 t /h .The experimental peak yield of 8-10 t /h with some varieties was reported.The other details have been reported Wani, 2007.and is available on this website too. The increase in yield of paddy , from 1947 to 2009 have been amassing from 40-50 kegs a kanal (i/8th of an acre and measure of land in J& K )to round 350 to400 kgs a kanal.This achievement has been possible under assured irrigation systems with use of both biological, organic and chemical fertilizers. Organic experiments made under our supervision in an IVLP project showed higher production of 2 q per hectare with change of a wooden plough to an iron plough called as Shalimar plough.The use of manure both farm yard and green have reduced the chemical fertilizer use and increased productivity.Due to less than 1/10th of fertilizer use than recommended or that used in Punjab we are better off in JAMMU AND KASHMIR specially at terminal ends in the mountainous regions.We can directly swithch to the organic farming of all dry fruits and vegetables forth with,
COMMERCIAL CROPS
Commercial crops like mushroom,honey,flouriculture,dairy farming poultry and sheep for meat production have an tremendous potential for the development.The aquatic and forest vegetable along with naturally growm medicinal bushes and herbs have a trememdous market and economic viability.The bee keeping as polinizers and even around dal ,wular and other lakes have a tremendous potential of producing iodine rich honey which can fetch exorbant prices in the world market and can be used by the thyroid deficiency and gout patients.
DISEASE RESISTANT LOCAL GENOTYPE
A varieties of loca vegetables which grow of their own on the denuded forest and other bunds and nomams kand called nunar is rich in iron.Many other self growm weeds use as best and nutririve vegetables can be the best soil binders and providers of organic,rainfed vegetative cover to the denuded and eroded lands besides livestitritive cock fodder and human and poor nutritive support for the nomaids and the tribials.There are a number of the local genotype which grow of their own in our dry ,wet and marshy lands .A sequential DNA Mappling is needed to know their potential and nutritive value.There cultivation and propagation shall give a ready made organic .sustianable and low input base and food security.The mapping shall reveal their properties and one can plan and propagate them,One such model for the fine cashmere bearing goats was run by the author with fruitful results for the whole pashmina industry,This attempt referred saved our valuable gene pool,This gene pool was other wise being diluted with Russian and Mongolian bred DON goats.The cross breeding was stopped by the author and thus preserved the gene pool of our low yielder but fine diameter giats from cross breeding.Similar attempts to conserve and preserve the local vegetable,rice,ffruit and nut mfishmanimal gene pools are to be preserved and improved through biotechnological use.
Seed multiplication
We have developed many disease resistant and high yielding varieties, in paddy at rice research centre at Khodwani.The seed multiplication is slow and needs a proper state-central, icar-skuast convergence, which has not been forthcoming for problems at apex level.A policy decision has to be made to utilize the available agricultural and allied graduate to raise private-public partnership mode seed banks.We need 10,000 quintals of paddy seed alone per annum.We utilized all the land available under our KVK system but were hardly able to produce a few hundred quintals of the paddy seed.The private –public association and partnership too resulted in marginal than a substantial increase.The only solution to provide the seed farming land is the flood channels available for two among three years,The SRI IS A PROPOSITION yet to be tried in the state.Alternatively let us use these flood channels and utilize the unemployed graduate to harness seed farming revolutions in the state of Jammu and Kashmir.The only risk of flood is once in five years which can be sustained by the profits or the insurance cover available for such ventures.A sectional judicious planning can even avert these risks too.
NATIONAL LEVEL PLANNING
. Likewise production of 100 million tonnes of wheat from 25 million hectares needs a productivity of 4t/hac.Jammu and Kashmir is 1/100 th of the country, Thus we need one million ton of wheat and rice each to feed our one crore population. Our population growth is slower than the rest of the states .purchasing power is better than the average farmer or the person in India. We our aim to double our per hectare productivity needs more technical manpower in extension, industry and at gross root level. The climate disasters, earthquakes, Titanic tsunami, floods; have affected our agricultural production in the past and additional requirements needs to be kept in mind while planning food security. We need to increase per capita consumption expenditures of Rs. 600 per month. We need to bridge the gaps between potential and actual yields at farmers’ level. The chemical farming hazards of poor soil fertility, low water availability, pollution and environmental concerns impede our agricultural development. Thus refined technology, participatory research and educational modules are needed. The new pressures of global marketing. World trade and tariff regulations have to be accommodated. This all will need incorporation of new themes like post-harvest management, value addition, packaging, communication, and credit and market information services in our course curricula. Thus a new multidimensional change in academic curriculum is envisaged.
“We feel pride in calling ourselves as the 2nd largest Agricultural Research System (ARS) in the world. When we review our performance, we are nowhere in top ten of most cited agriculture publications in the world. The USA tops the world list with 3, 62, 79,842 cited publication/annum, with small country like Switzerland at No.10. The scientific output in agriculture is highest in USA with 27 lakh publication/year followed by Japan, Germany, U.K, France, Canada, Italy, Russia, China and Australia. Our contribution to Agriculture publication is 5.48% only with our share of citation at 2.32%. This demands more focus on Quality Assurance. Our prime agenda should be quality, Accreditation, Desired Knowledge, Assessment, Skill and competence building and academic audit. Quality assurance means strengthening resources, information and maintenance of educational infrastructure. Thus we need to regulate grants and Centre-State relations rationally,” said a group of experts associated with the author of this report.
ICAR GRANT SYSTEM
We have Central Agricultural Universities and 200 general Universities, with 48 agricultural faculties. The total disciplines needing grants may be strengthened in 5 yrs by 1core grants to each discipline for quality assurance. We produce 10,000 under graduate, 5500 post graduates and 1600 Ph.D. in agriculture every years. They add to our unemployment pool. For making them self-employees in new ventures and for increased employment, they need competence building in global economics and trade policies. Biotechnology, Bio information, Bio fertilizers, Pesticides and Fungicides. New faculty development in all the Universities and colleges is to be executed in coming 5 years. Such as Pest information and survey; management Analysis; decision support system and Geographic information system. A new trust is to be given to course curriculum integrating field practices in a partnership mode with farmer. A teacher-student-farmer-industry, interaction and co-operation is to be integrated, unified and fine-tuned to end results. This will demand inter and inter faculty harmony and synchronized course curricula at UG, PG and PhD level. This has to be fine-tuned to our field requirements and location orient Agricultural extension is evolving worldwide and there is much emphasis today on community-based mechanisms of dissemination in order to bring sustainable change. The factors that make farmer groups successful in disseminating INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGIES NEED DETAILED analysis. A mixed methodology, multiple-stage approach stands used to obtain data.
About the Author
ALL THOSE WHO HAVE BENN MY PEERS AND STUDENTS.TO TEACHER AND FRIEND dR SS TRIPATHI AND OTHERS LIKE gREAT NAGI AND SHAH OR ENEN DR YADAV OF iVRI FRAME,ALONG WITH DR PURBEY
The Garden of Eden: Paper 73 Part 1
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